Poland 2020 Kitsempty Spaces The Blog

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Travel Experience by private car with guide

GDANSK • WARSAW • WROCLAW • KRAKOW

10 DAYS | PRICES FROM: $7,690 | BEGIN: Gdansk END: Krakow

This itinerary can be modified based on your specific interests, preferred travel dates and budget.

This Pre-Designed Private Travel Experience includes deluxe accommodations, meals as indicated, expert local guides, entrance fees, all transfers and sightseeing excursions by private car. Package price is per person, based on double occupancy. Single supplement applies. Intra-tour air is subject to change. International air fare is additional.

Lakani Signature Experiences include:

• Admire the Teutonic Malbork Castle, the largest in the world, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site
• Walk the medieval town of Torun and see where Copernicus was born and the chapel where he was christened
• View the colorful Renaissance and Baroque houses and visit monumental Ksiaż Castle in the Silesia region
• Tour beautiful chapels sculpted from salt at the Wieliczka Salt Mine
• Explore Zakopane in the glorious Tatra Mountains and admire the wooden architecture

Prices Starting From

Tour Price includes:

• Accommodations as shown
• Meals as indicated in the itinerary
• All transfers and sightseeing excursions by private car and driver
• Your own personal expert local guides

• Land
  • Relief
  • Plant and animal life
• People
  • Settlement patterns
• Economy
  • Resources and power
  • Transportation and telecommunications
• Government and society
  • Security
• Cultural life
  • The arts
• History
  • The Piast monarchy
    • The period of divisions
    • Revival of the kingdom
  • The states of the Jagiellonians
    • The waning of the Middle Ages
    • The golden age of the Sigismunds
  • The Commonwealth
    • Báthory and the Vasas
    • The 17th-century crisis
    • The Saxons
    • Reforms, agony, and partitions
  • Partitioned Poland
    • From the Congress of Vienna to 1848
  • Poland in the 20th century

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

Poland 2020 Kitsempty Spaces The Blog 2017

Poland, country of central Europe. Poland is located at a geographic crossroads that links the forested lands of northwestern Europe to the sea lanes of the Atlantic Ocean and the fertile plains of the Eurasian frontier. Now bounded by seven nations, Poland has waxed and waned over the centuries, buffeted by the forces of regional history. In the early Middle Ages, Poland’s small principalities and townships were subjugated by successive waves of invaders, from Germans and Balts to Mongols. In the mid-1500s, united Poland was the largest state in Europe and perhaps the continent’s most powerful nation. Yet two and a half centuries later, during the Partitions of Poland (1772–1918), it disappeared, parceled out among the contending empires of Russia, Prussia, and Austria.

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Even at a time of national crisis, however, Polish culture remained strong; indeed, it even flourished, if sometimes far from home. Polish revolutionary ideals, carried by such distinguished patriots as Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko, informed those of the American Revolution. The Polish constitution of 1791, the oldest in Europe, in turn incorporated ideals of the American and French revolutions. Poles later settled in great numbers in the United States, Canada, Argentina, and Australia and carried their culture with them. At the same time, Polish artists of the Romantic period, such as pianist Frédéric Chopin and poet Adam Mickiewicz, were leading lights on the European continent in the 19th century. Following their example, Polish intellectuals, musicians, filmmakers, and writers continue to enrich the world’s arts and letters.

Restored as a nation in 1918 but ravaged by two world wars, Poland suffered tremendously throughout the course of the 20th century. World War II was particularly damaging, as Poland’s historically strong Jewish population was almost wholly annihilated in the Holocaust. Millions of non-Jewish Poles also died, victims of more partition and conquest. With the fall of the Third Reich, Poland effectively lost its independence once again, becoming a communist satellite state of the Soviet Union. Nearly a half century of totalitarian rule followed, though not without strong challenges on the part of Poland’s workers, who, supported by a dissident Catholic Church, called the economic failures of the Soviet system into question.

In the late 1970s, beginning in the shipyards of Gdańsk, those workers formed a nationwide movement called Solidarity (Solidarność). Despite the arrest of Solidarity’s leadership, its newspapers kept publishing, spreading its values and agenda throughout the country. In May 1989 the Polish government fell, along with communist regimes throughout eastern Europe, beginning Poland’s rapid transformation into a democracy.

That transformation has not been without its difficulties, as the Nobel Prize-winning poet Wisława Szymborska wrote a decade later:

I came to the paradoxical conclusion that some workers had it much easier in the Polish People’s Republic. They didn’t have to pretend. They didn’t have to be polite if they didn’t feel like it. They didn’t have to suppress their exhaustion, boredom, irritation. They didn’t have to conceal their lack of interest in other people’s problems. They didn’t have to pretend that their back wasn’t killing them when their back was in fact killing them. If they worked in a store, they didn’t have to try to get their customers to buy things, since the products always vanished before the lines did.

By the turn of the 21st century, Poland was a market-based democracy, abundant in products of all kinds and a member of both NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the European Union (EU), allied more strongly with western Europe than with eastern Europe but, as always, squarely between them.

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A land of striking beauty, Poland is punctuated by great forests and rivers, broad plains, and tall mountains. Warsaw (Warszawa), the country’s capital, combines modern buildings with historic architecture, most of which was heavily damaged during World War II but has since been faithfully restored in one of the most thoroughgoing reconstruction efforts in European history. Other cities of historic and cultural interest include Poznań, the seat of Poland’s first bishopric; Gdańsk, one of the most active ports on the busy Baltic Sea; and Kraków, a historic centre of arts and education and the home of Pope John Paul II, who personified for the Polish their country’s struggle for independence and peace in modern times.

• ¹Roman Catholicism has special recognition per 1997 concordat with Vatican City.

Poland 2020 Kitsempty Spaces The Blog -

• On September 1, 1939, Poland was invaded by Germany despite never having made a declaration of war, igniting World War II. It remained the only European country to neither cooperate with nor surrender a battle to the Nazis.
  
• Poland's flag is divided between two equally sized horizontal strips, with white on top and red on bottom. Its flag is thus extremely similar to those of Monaco and Indonesia, which are in the reverse orientation, and that of Singapore, which is in the reverse orientation but with a crescent and stars in the top half.
  
• There has only ever been one Polish pope. Pope John Paul II, born Karol Józef WojtyBa, was born in Wadowice, Poland and served as pope from October 16, 1978 until his death on April 2, 2005.
  
• Poland is the first European country and second country overall to have written a constitution, although the constitution has changed (as recently as 1997).
  
• Poland is located in the exact geographical center of the European continent.